علاج جيني قد يعيد البصر للمكفوفين وراثيا!
تاريخ النشر : 18 مايو, 2023 05:20 صباحاً

فتح ميديا – وكالات:

طور علماء في كندا تقنية جديدة يمكن أن تساعد يومًا ما في استعادة بعض البصر للمرضى الذين يعانون من ضعف البصر الوراثي. يعمل العلاج التجديدي عن طريق التعبير عن الجينات، التي تحول الخلايا النائمة إلى خلايا جديدة، لاستشعار الضوء في شبكية العين لتحل محل تلك المفقودة بسبب المرض، وفقًا لما نشره موقع New Atlas نقلًا عن دورية Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

أمراض وراثية

تحدث الأمراض الوراثية مثل التهاب الشبكية الصباغي عندما تبدأ الخلايا الحساسة للضوء في شبكية العين بالتحلل، مما يؤدي إلى إعاقة رؤية المريض بمرور الوقت، وغالبًا ما يقلل من قدرته على اكتشاف التفاصيل واللون، ويخلق تأثير "رؤية نفقية"، وفي الحالات الشديدة يمكن أن يؤدي في النهاية إلى العمى التام.

نجح فريق الباحثين في جامعة مونتريال في تطوير تقنية تبشر بعكس فقدان البصر، حيث توصلوا إلى طريقة لتنشيط الخلايا "النائمة" في شبكية العين لإعادة برمجتها إلى ما يسمى بالخلايا العصبية المستحثة، والتي يمكن بعدئذ تحويلها إلى خلايا جديدة حساسة للضوء لاستعادة الرؤية المفقودة.

خلايا مولر

خلايا مولر هي نوع من الخلايا الدبقية التي توفر الدعم الهيكلي للخلايا العصبية في شبكية العين. ومن المثير للاهتمام، أنه في الأسماك يمكن أيضًا إعادة تنشيط خلايا مولر لتجديد شبكية العين بعد أن تضررت بسبب الإصابة أو المرض، ولكن للأسف تفتقد الثدييات لهذه القدرة. ومن ثم فحصت الدراسة الجديدة سلسلة من الجينات بحثًا عن أي جينات يمكن أن تساعد في إطلاق عملية الإحلال والتجديد للخلايا.

عوامل نسخ

وتمكن فريق الباحثين في تحديد زوجًا من عوامل النسخ يسمى Ikzf1 وIkzf4، والتي يمكن التعبير عنها في خلايا مولر لتحويلها إلى خلايا عصبية في شبكية العين، والتي يمكن بالتالي تحويلها لتحل محل خلايا استشعار الضوء الرئيسية. كما توصلت دراسات أخرى إلى نتائج واعدة عند القيام بأشياء مماثلة مع عوامل النسخ الأخرى.

أمل جديد في نهاية المطاف

على الرغم من أن الوقت لا يزال مبكرًا للغاية، إلا أن فريق الباحثين يقول إن هذا البحث يقدم أملاً جديداً للقدرة في نهاية المطاف على تجديد الشبكية واستعادة الرؤية للمرضى في المراحل المتقدمة من الأمراض التنكسية. أظهرت علاجات جينية أخرى واعدة في إبطاء تقدم المرض أو الوقاية منه، أو زرع شبكية عين صناعية لاستعادة الرؤية المفقودة.

قال أجاي ديفيد، باحث مشارك في الدراسة: "ربما نتمكن يومًا ما من الاستفادة من الخلايا الموجودة بشكل طبيعي في شبكية العين وتحفيزها على تجديد خلايا الشبكية المفقودة بسبب الحالات المرضية واستعادة الرؤية".

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        • 17. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/WebController.php:30
        • 18. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/SitePagesController.php:62
      • select * from `posts` where `type` = 'publish' and `created_at` <= '2025-04-24 00:45:13' and `category_id` = '37' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by `sort` desc limit 6 offset 05.94ms/app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/PostsFrontEndController.php:53laravel
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. publish
        • 1. 2025-04-24 00:45:13
        • 2. 37
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/PostsFrontEndController.php:53
        • 15. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/PostsFrontEndController.php:19
        • 16. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/WebController.php:132
        • 17. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/WebController.php:30
        • 18. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/SitePagesController.php:62
      • select * from `posts` where `type` = 'publish' and `created_at` <= '2025-04-24 00:45:13' and `category_id` = '3' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by `sort` desc limit 5 offset 015.48ms/app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/PostsFrontEndController.php:53laravel
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. publish
        • 1. 2025-04-24 00:45:13
        • 2. 3
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/PostsFrontEndController.php:53
        • 15. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/PostsFrontEndController.php:19
        • 16. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/WebController.php:132
        • 17. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/WebController.php:30
        • 18. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/SitePagesController.php:62
      • select * from `posts` where `type` = 'publish' and `created_at` <= '2025-04-24 00:45:13' and `category_id` = '36' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by `sort` desc limit 1 offset 013.12ms/app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/PostsFrontEndController.php:53laravel
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. publish
        • 1. 2025-04-24 00:45:13
        • 2. 36
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/PostsFrontEndController.php:53
        • 15. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/PostsFrontEndController.php:19
        • 16. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/WebController.php:132
        • 17. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/WebController.php:30
        • 18. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/SitePagesController.php:62
      • select * from `menus_items` where `menu_id` in (1, 2, 3) and `active` = 1 and `menus_items`.`deleted_at` is null order by `sort` asc1.85ms/app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/WebController.php:191laravel
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 2
        • 2. 3
        • 3. 1
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/WebController.php:191
        • 15. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/WebController.php:35
        • 16. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/SitePagesController.php:62
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • select * from `photos` where `id` in (50072, 54542, 6346, 54379, 54434, 37959, 54153, 49412, 54604, 53822, 53798, 53496, 53763, 11155, 53602, 54720, 54624, 54602, 54537, 54336)1.27ms/app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/WebController.php:169laravel
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 50072
        • 1. 54542
        • 2. 6346
        • 3. 54379
        • 4. 54434
        • 5. 37959
        • 6. 54153
        • 7. 49412
        • 8. 54604
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        • 10. 53798
        • 11. 53496
        • 12. 53763
        • 13. 11155
        • 14. 53602
        • 15. 54720
        • 16. 54624
        • 17. 54602
        • 18. 54537
        • 19. 54336
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/WebController.php:169
        • 15. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/WebController.php:38
        • 16. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/SitePagesController.php:62
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • select * from `posts` where `type` = 'publish' and `created_at` <= '2025-04-24 00:45:13' and `category_id` in (2, 3, 31, 35) and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by `sort` desc limit 10301ms/app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/PostsFrontEndController.php:351laravel
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. publish
        • 1. 2025-04-24 00:45:13
        • 2. 2
        • 3. 3
        • 4. 31
        • 5. 35
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/Http/Controllers/frontEnd/PostsFrontEndController.php:351
        • 15. view::frontEnd.blocks.newsTicker_top:11
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 19. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/LivewireViewCompilerEngine.php:32
      • select * from `sessions` where `id` = '2SmCpbZuDHSeXOcni9xsLAKgrOo31EZqqZf7gaur' limit 11.2ms/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/DatabaseSessionHandler.php:91laravel
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2SmCpbZuDHSeXOcni9xsLAKgrOo31EZqqZf7gaur
        Backtrace
        • 14. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/DatabaseSessionHandler.php:91
        • 15. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/DatabaseSessionHandler.php:128
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php:129
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php:236
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php:130
      • insert into `sessions` (`payload`, `last_activity`, `user_id`, `ip_address`, `user_agent`, `id`) values ('YTozOntzOjY6Il90b2tlbiI7czo0MDoiS0RVVHUzdEN3OHVwVDJ2MXQwWnRURHhzV05zR1A2OEpDVHB6VXdiWCI7czo5OiJfcHJldmlvdXMiO2E6MTp7czozOiJ1cmwiO3M6NDA6Imh0dHBzOi8vZmF0ZWhnYXphLmNvbS9hci9wcmludFBvc3QvNzA3MTciO31zOjY6Il9mbGFzaCI7YToyOntzOjM6Im9sZCI7YTowOnt9czozOiJuZXciO2E6MDp7fX19', 1745444714, '', '3.19.60.26', 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', '2SmCpbZuDHSeXOcni9xsLAKgrOo31EZqqZf7gaur')4.16ms/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/DatabaseSessionHandler.php:150laravel
        Metadata
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        • 0. YTozOntzOjY6Il90b2tlbiI7czo0MDoiS0RVVHUzdEN3OHVwVDJ2MXQwWnRURHhzV05zR1A2OEpDVHB6VXdiWCI7czo5OiJfcHJldmlvdXMiO2E6MTp7czozOiJ1cmwiO3M6NDA6Imh0dHBzOi8vZmF0ZWhnYXphLmNvbS9hci9wcmludFBvc3QvNzA3MTciO31zOjY6Il9mbGFzaCI7YToyOntzOjM6Im9sZCI7YTowOnt9czozOiJuZXciO2E6MDp7fX19
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        • 5. 2SmCpbZuDHSeXOcni9xsLAKgrOo31EZqqZf7gaur
        Backtrace
        • 10. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/DatabaseSessionHandler.php:150
        • 11. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/DatabaseSessionHandler.php:134
        • 12. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php:129
        • 13. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php:236
        • 14. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php:130
      • select * from `sessions` where `id` = '2SmCpbZuDHSeXOcni9xsLAKgrOo31EZqqZf7gaur' limit 1850μs/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/DatabaseSessionHandler.php:91laravel
        Metadata
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        • 0. 2SmCpbZuDHSeXOcni9xsLAKgrOo31EZqqZf7gaur
        Backtrace
        • 14. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/DatabaseSessionHandler.php:91
        • 15. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php:97
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php:87
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php:71
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Manager.php:156
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      App\Models\Tags
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      App\Models\Posts
      31
      App\Models\StatisticsHits
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      App\Models\StatisticsCountry
      1
      App\Models\StatisticsDay
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